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| lgHkkx vkf.k ikfBack |
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gh ,d izeq[k laLFkk vkgs, Hkkjrke/;s ,p~.vk;~.Ogh./,M~lyk izfrca/k dj.;klkBh o vkVksD;kr Bso.;klkBh ;kstuk r;kj djrs
o R;klkBhps izdYi jkcfo.ks gs frps dke vkgs. ,M~lP;k
lkFkhyk vVdko ?kky.ks, tj dkgh lkekftd iz'ukaeqGs yksdkauk ,p~.vk;~.Ogh.pk lalxZ gks.;kpk /kksdk tkLr vkgs, vls vlsy rj v'kk iz'ukaoj mik;;kstuk dj.ks, lkekftd o dkSVqafcd ikrGhoj ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. ckf/kr O;ähauk HksnHkko djrk vkf.k dqBysgh nw"k.k u nsrk lsok lqJq"kk ns.kkjs dk;ZØe jkcfo.ks, rlsp ;k lkFkheqGs gks.kkÚyak lkekftd o vkfFkZd nq"ifj.kkekaoj mik;;kstuk dj.ks gh ;k laLFksph loZlk/kkj.k
,p~.vk;~-Ogh-pk izlkj VkG.;klkBh, ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. ckf/kr
yksdkae/;s vktkjkaps o e`R;wps izek.k deh dj.;klkBh o ;k
vktkjkaeqGs gks.kkjs lkekftd o vkfFkZd nq"ifj.kke deh
;k
dk;ZØekps
fodsanzhdj.k dj.;kr vkys vkgs. izR;sd jkT;kae/;s o ?kVd jkT;kae/;s ,p~.vk;~.Ogh./,M~lpk izlkj
jks[k.;klkBh
jkT; ,M~l fu;a=.k la?kVusph LFkkiuk dj.;kr vkyh vkgs.
xSjljdkjh laLFkkacjkscjhy HkkxhnkjhP;k O;oLFkkiusps dk;Zgh gh
ekfgrh, izf'k{k.k o laokn eksfge vkf.k lekt izcks/ku, daMkse okij.;kl izksRlkgu ns.ks, lqjf{kr jäkpk okij, fyaxlkalfxZd vktkajkoj fu;a=.k dj.ks, ;kapk lekos'k gksrks.
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1911 e/;s LFkkfir >kysyh vk;lh,evkj gh txkrhy lokZar
tqU;k oSnîdh; laLFkkaiSdh ,d vkgs o Hkkjrke/;s
tSooSnîdh; la'kks/kukaph vk[k.kh, lapyu o R;kauk pkyuk
ns.;kps dke dj.kkjh loksZPp laLFkk vkgs. laLFksrxZr o ckgsjhy la'kks/kukaP;k ek/;ekrwu gh ifj"kn ns'kke/;s tSooSnîdh; la'kks/kukyk izksRlkgu nsrs. ifj"knsvarxZr
la'kks/kus gh ifj"knsP;k
1) LFkk;h la'kks/ku dsanzkae/;s (v'kh 21 LFkk;h la'kks/ku dsanzs vkgsr.) o
2) izknsf'kd oSnîdh; la'kks/ku dsanzkae/;s ?ksryh tkrkr. LFkk;h la'kks/ku dsanz gs Hkkjrke/;s vusd fBdk.kh LFkkiu dj.;kr vkys vkgsr. o R;ke/;s fof'k"V vktkjkacíy mnk, {k;jksx, dq"Bjksx, dkWyjk o vfrlkj vkf.k fo"kk.kwtU; vktkj ,M~l, fgorki, vH;kl d:u R;k jksxkps okgd fu;a=.k, ikSf"Vd vkgkj, vUu?kVd o vkS"k/kkapk fo"kkjh ifj.kke tk.kwu
?ks.;kpk vH;kl, iztuu, izfrdkj'kähpk jäfo"k;d vH;kl, ddZjksx 'kkL=, oSnîdh; la[;k'kkL= b, fo"k;kaoj la'kks/ku, dsys tkrs. izknsf'd oSnîdh; la'kks/ku laLFkk (v'kk 6 laLFkk vkgsr.) ák R;k izns'kkrhy vkjksX; leL;kaoj mik;;kstus lanHkkZr dk;Z djrkr o ns'kkae/ks fofo/k Hkkxkae/khy laLFkke/ks la'kks/ku dj.;kph {kerk fuekZ.k Ogkoh ;klkBh iz;Ru'khy vlrkr.
ifj"kns ckgsjhy la'kks/kukyk izksRlkgu ns.;klkBh
1) oSnîdh; egkfo|ky;s, fo|kihBs o brj la'kks/ku laLFkke/khy R;k R;k vktkjkojhy dkS'kY;iw.kZ la'kks/ku ;a=.kk vlysY;k foHkkxkauk fuoMwu rsFks izxr la'kks/ku dsanzkph LFkkiuk dsyh tkrs.
2) Bjkohd osGse/ks mfí"ViwrhZ o izekf.kr dk;Zi)rhapk leku okij d:u cgqdsnzh; la'kks/ku izdYi jkcfoys tkrkr.
3) ns'kkrhy brj la'kks/ku laLFkkae/khy, oSnîdh; egkfo|ky;kae/khy o fo/khfiBkae/khy la'kks/kdkauk vkfFkZd ikBcG fnys tkrs.
ifj"kn ns'kkP;k n'"Vhus egRokP;k vkjksX; iz'ukaojhy la'kks/kukyk izk/kkU; nsrs mnk. lalxZtU;jksx, dqVwac fu;a=.k, ekrk vkf.k
cky vkjksX;, dqiks"k.k, i;kZoj.k o O;olk;keqGs fuekZ.k
gks.kkÚyak vkjksX; leL;k, f'kok; ddZjksx, ;klkj[ks lalxZtU; ul.kkjs egÙokps vktkj ddZjksx, àn; fodkj, va/kRo, e/kqesg,
jänks"k o ekufld, vktkj ;ke/ks fofo/k vkS"k/ks T;kr ouLirh
vkS"k/kkapk, R;kaP;k la'kks/kukapk i.k lekos'k vkgs.
tho'kkL=krhy uohu {ks=kae/ks fo'ks"kr% jksxizfrdkj 'kkL=, is'kh o js.kwd tho'kkL=, tuqdfoKku, tSora=Kku b.e/khy la'kks/kukoj tkLr Hkj ns.;kr ;sr vkgs. lektkojpk jksxkapa, vktkjkapk HkMhekj deh dj.;klkBh o yksdkauk vkjksX; o LokLF; feG.;klkBhps gs iz;Ru vkgsr.
vk;lh,evkj fo|ko'Ùkh, f'k";o'Ùkh, ekun 'kkL=kK Eg.kwu ekU;rk v'kk fofo/k izdkjs thooS|d'kkL=krhy la'kks/kuklkBh mi;qä ekuoh lalk/kuo')hlkBh izksRlkgu nsrs. la'kks/kukrhy mÙke xq.koÙksph n[ky ?ks.;klkBh Hkkjrh; la'kks/kdkauk fofo/k ikfjrksf"kds ns[khy nsrs.
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 ekxhy izeq[k mfí"V
Eg.kts Hkkjrkr ,M~l ojhy la'kks/kukl
l{ke dj.ks vlk gksrk. gs mfí"V lk/; dj.;klkBh ukjhe/ks
lkFkh'kkL=, lkekftd vkjksX;, lkaLÑrhd ekuooa'k'kkL=,
lalxZtU; jksx'kkL=, xq.kkRed o la[;kRed la'kks/ku i)rh o
thola[;k 'kkL= ;k {ks=krhy fu".kkr 'kkL=K ,d= dke djrkr.
ukjhyk dkgh vkfFkZd enr vk;lh,evkjdMwu feGrs rj ckdh enr
oSfo/; vlysY;k ns'kke/ks ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. yk izfrca/kklkBh ;ksX;
R;k mik;;kstuk vk[kk;yk ykx.kkÚyak okx.kqdh'kh o lekftd
iz'uk'kh fuxMhr ewyHkwr iz'ukaph let ok<o.ks gs ukjhps
izeq[k /;s; vkgs.
ukjhdMs loZ lk/kulkeqxzh ;qä lq{etho'kkL=,
jksxizfrdkj'käh 'kkL=, lw{e'kkL= o jS.koh; tho'kkL=kaP;k
iz;ksx'kkGk o ekfgrh O;oLFkkiu dsanz vkgsr. ,ihMsehvksykWth,
vWUM ck;ksLVWVsLVhdl, fljkWykWth vWUM bE;wukWykWth,
Dyhfudy lk;aUlsl, vkWysD;wyj Og;jkWyksth,
e;Øksck;ykWth, fcgsfo;jy vWUM lks'ky lk;Ulsl vls rsFks
lgk 'kS{kf.kd foHkkx vkgsr.
,d 'kkL=h; lYykxkj lferh loZ la'kks/ku izdYikapk vk<kok
?ksrs o gs loZ izdYi uSfrd lferhdMs ekU;rslkBh ikBfoys tkrkr. ,p~.vk;~.Ogh.- 1 o 2 ;k fo"kk.kwaP;k Hkkjrkr vk<G.kkÚyak loZ miizdkjkph ekfgrh laLFksus xksGk dsyh vkgs. ;kpk mi;ksx Hkfo";dkGkr ,M~l yl fufeZrhlkBh gks.kkj vkgs. ,p~.vk;~.Ogh.P;k ykx.khps izek.k ekst.;klkBh, vkÙkk ,p~.vk;~.Ogh.ph ck/kk ulysys i.k tks[kehph okx.kqd vlY;keqGs ,p~.vk;~.Ogh.ph ykx.k gks.;kph tkLr 'kD;rk vl.kkÚyak xVkcíy ekfgrh laLFksdMs vkgs. ykx.khlkBh dkj.khHkwr Bj.kkÚyak tSohd o okx.kqdhrhy dkj.kkapk 'kks/k lq+)k ?ks.;kr vkyk vkgs. Hkfo";dkGkr dqBY;kgh pkp.yak dj.;klkBh o Hkkjrkr ,M~lph yl miyC/k dj.;klkBh gk xV vR;ar egRokpk Bjsy. Hkkjrh; 'kklu o vk;,Oghvk; ;kaP;k letqrh djkjkvarxZr l/;k, ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. lh izdkjkoj vk/kkfjr lq/kkfjr OgWfDluhvk vadkjk (,eOgh,) ;k mesnokj ylhph pkp.kh pkyw vkgs.
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{k;jksx la'kks/ku dsanz gs ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. ,M~loj la'kks/ku
rkfeGukMw e/khy psUubZ ;sFks Vhvkjlhph LFkkiuk dsyh. Hkkjrkr
fu;a=.k dk;ZØekyk iw.kZRo ;s.kkÚyak mís'kkus ;k dsanzkph
LFkkiuk >kyh. vfydMP;k dkGkr ,p~.vk;~.Ogh./,M~l o
{k;jksx ;krhy laca/k y{kkr ?ksrk Vhvkjlh e/ks ,p~.vk;~.Ogh.
ojhy la'kks/kuklgh lqjokr >kyh vkgs. Hkkjrkrhy
loksZRre o fofo/k {ks=kae/khy vuqHkoh 'kkL=Kkae/;s x.kuk
gks.kkjs dkgh 'kkL=K ;k dsanzkr vkgsr rlsp {k;jksx
o ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. la'kks/kuklkBh ykx.kkjh l{ke
iz;ksx'kkGkns[khy ;sFks vkgs.
,p~.vk;~.Ogh./,M~l izfrca/kklkBhP;k miØekauh o ,p~.vk;~.Ogh.
ckf/krkauk mipkj o lsok ns.;kP;k R;kaP;k dk;ZØek}kjs Vhvkjlh
gs ,M~l izfrca/k ylhP;k ifgY;k VII;krhy nqlÚyak
pkp.khlkBhps ,d dsanz vkgs.
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ok;. vkj. xk;rksaMs ,M~l la'kks/ku o izf'k{k.k dssanz gs pSUubZ e/khy ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. ckf/krkauk mipkj o lsok ns.kkjs egRokps lsokHkkoh dsanz vkgs. ,p~.vk;~.Ogh.pk izlkj VkG.ks o ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. ckf/kr O;ähauk R;kaP;k dqVwafc;kauk izfr"Bhr vk;q"; txrk ;kos ;klkBh iz;Ru dj.ks gs ;k dsanzkps
izeq[k /;s; vkgs. ;k dsanzkph LFkkiuk 1993 e/ks MkW. lqfurh lksykseu ;kauh dsyh. MkW. lksyeu ;kauh 1986 e/ks loZizFke Hkkjrkr ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. vlY;kph iq"Bh dsyh gksrh. R;kosGh R;k enzkl esMhdy dkWyste/ks lw{etho 'kkL=kP;k izk/;kid gksR;k.
,p~.vk;~.Ogh. izfrca/kkiklwu rs ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. ckf/krkauk mipkj o lsok ns.;klanHkkZrhy fofo/k izdYi ok;.vkj.th. dsvj e/ks jkcoys tkrkr. 6000 gwu vf/kd ,p~.vk;~.Ogh. ckf/krkauk lsok ns.kkjs gs dsanz ,M~llkBhps ,d eksBs mipkj dsanz Eg.kqu
izfl) vkgs. mÙke uSfrd o oSKkfud dk;Zi)rh oki:u lkekftd
{kerk ;k dsanzke/ks fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs. lkekftd Lrjkoj dsY;k
tk.kkÚyak la'kks/kuke/;s
ok;.vkj.th. dsvjyk izxYHk vuqHko vkgs.
fo'ks"kr% yksdkaP;k utjsrqu R;kauk tk.ko.kkjs iz'u letkowu
?ks.;klkBhP;k la'kks/ku i)rh, oS;ähd rlsp xVkacjkscj
la'kks/kuklkBh
?ks.;kr ;s.kkÚyak l[kksy eqyk[krh, la'kks/kuklkBh
xVkaph fuoM o R;kapk ikBiqjkok ;k xks"Vhe/ks dsanzkyk fo'ks"k
vuqHko vkgs. dsanzkus gkrh ?ksrysyk dqBykgh la'kks/ku
izdYi lq: gks.;kiwohZ laLFksP;k ifj{k.k eaMGkph ekU;rk
?ksryh tkrs. ;k eaMGkr lektkrhy izfrfu/khapk i.k lekos'k
vlrks.
pSUubZ e/ks gks.kkÚyak ,M~l ylhPyak ifgY;k VII;krhy nqlÚyak
pkp.khlkBh lekt izcks/kukps o lgHkkXkhaP;k uksan.khps dk;Z
dj.;klkBh Vhvkjlh o ok;.vkj.th. dsvj ,d= vkys vkgs.
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| ,M~l ,d tkxfrd lkFk |
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dsfu;ke/;s 6.7 VDds izkS< turk ,p~.vk;~.Ogh./,M~lus ckf/kr vkgs. |
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vkf'k;k vkf.k ikWflfQd foHkkxkrhy ,M~lph lkFk >ikVîkus iljrs vkgs. ;k lkFkheqGs ;kiwohZp vusd ns'k, lekt, dqVwac m/oLr >kyh vkgsr. R;kpk fo'ks"kr% fodlu'khy ns'kkarhy jktdh;, lkekftd vkf.k
vFkZO;oLFkkaoj
foijhr ifj.kke >kyk vkgs.
xsY;k 50 o"kkZar [kMrj ifjJekauh izkIr dsysys vusd ykHk vkrk iqlys tkr vkgsr.
,M~lP;k lkFkhph rhozrk vkf.k O;kIrh c?krk. txkyk
mi;qä eM~l izfrca/kd y'khph rkrMhus xjt vkgs.
eM~l yl la'kks/kukyk 80 P;k n'kdkr lq#okr >kyh vkf.k rs vkrk txkr vusd fBdk.kh lq: vkgs. 2004 e/kys fp= igkrk cgqrsd rKkapa vla er vkgs dh mi;qä eM~l yl izkIr Ogk;yk vtwu vusd o"kZ ykx.kkj vkgsr. |
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| ,df=r iz;Ru
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"vkiyk ns'k tSooSnîdh; la'kks/kuke/;s iq<kdkj ?ksr vkgs. txkyk ,M~l yl yodjkar yodj feG.;klkBh Hkkjrh; 'kkL=K egÙokpk lgHkkx ?ksr vkgsr." |
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izksQslj ,u~. ds. xkaxqyh
vk;lh,evkjps ofj"B lapkyd |
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"Hkkjrkrhy Hkkxhnkjh gs yl fufeZrhlkBh egRokP;k
,d mnkgj.k vkgs. vki.k gh lkFk Fkksio.;klkBh miyC/k vlysY;k loksZÙke oSKkfud ekfgrhpk ,d=hr mi;ksx dsyk ikfgts." |
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MkW. lsB cdZys
v/;{k, vk;,Oghvk; |
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